Structures in C++

In C++, a structure is a user-defined data type that allows you to group together different variables of various types (int, string, bool, etc.) under a single name. Structures provide a way to organize related data elements into a cohesive unit. 

Create a Structure:

A structure is defined using the `struct` keyword, followed by the name of the structure. Inside the structure, you can declare member variables of different types, similar to declaring variables in other contexts.

struct MyStruct
{
    // Member variables
    int intValue;
    float floatValue;
    char charValue;
};

Member Access:

You can access the member variables of a structure using the dot (`.`) operator. For example:

struct MyStruct
{
    int intValue;
};

int main()
{
    MyStruct myStruct;
    myStruct.intValue = 30;   // Accessing member variable

    cout << "Value: " << intValue << endl;

    return 0;
}

Functions and Methods in Structure:

Structures can contain member functions in addition to member variables. These functions are referred to as methods and operate on the data within the structure.

struct MyStruct
{
    int intValue;

    // Member function
    void printValue()
    {
        cout << "Value: " << intValue << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    MyStruct myStruct;
    myStruct.intValue = 40;   // Accessing public member variable

    myStruct.printValue();       // Calling public member function

    return 0;
}